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Hydroelectricity from falling water.

Hydro power stations used  energy from  gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

The principle of hydropower is quite simple. Circuit waterworks provides the necessary pressure of water supplied to the turbine blades, which drives a generator, producing electricity.

Required water pressure generated by the dam, and as a consequence of the concentration of the river in a certain place, or derivation – the natural water flow. In some cases, to obtain the necessary water pressure is used jointly and the dam, and drift.

Directly in the building hydropower is all power equipment. Depending on the destination, it is a definite division. In the engine room located hydroelectric directly convert the energy of water flow into electrical energy. There are a variety of additional equipment, device management and monitoring of the hydroelectric power station, transformer substation, switchgear and more.

Hydroelectric Station separated depending on the generated power:
- Powerful – generate 250 MW and above;
- Medium – up to 25 megawatts;
- Small hydro – to 5 mW.
Hydroelectric power depends on water pressure, as well as the efficiency in use of the generator. Due to the fact that the natural laws of the water level is constantly changing, depending on the season, and yet for several reasons, as an expression of power hydroelectric station to take a loop power. For example, distinguish a one-year, monthly, weekly or daily cycles of hydropower.

Hydroelectric power also divided depending on the maximum use of water pressure:
- High pressure – more than 60 m;
- Srednenapornye – 25 m;
- Low-pressure – from 3 to 25 m.
Depending on water pressure in the hydroelectric use different types of turbines. For high-pressure – Bucket axial and radial turbines with metal spiral chambers. On srednenapornyh GES set povorotnolopastnye and Francis turbines at low pressure – povorotnolopastnye turbines in concrete cells.

Principle of operation of all types of turbines is similar – water under pressure (water pressure) enters the turbine blades, which begins to rotate. Mechanical energy is thus transferred to the hydraulic turbine, which generates electricity. Turbines vary certain specifications, as well as cameras – iron or reinforced concrete, and designed for different water pressure.